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Hepatitis is a disease of the liver that is endemic in Pakistan. This means is that there is a baseline number of people infected with the disease nearly constantly in the region. Hepatitis is most commonly caused by a virus. However, there can be other non-viral causes for it as well.
Viral Hepatitis can be subdivided into 5classes; Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E.Hepatitis A usually causes acute infections while Hepatitis B and C cause long-lasting chronic infections. In Pakistan, Hepatitis B and C are heavily prevalent. According to reports, 12 million people are suffering from the disease, while every year, nearly 150 000 new cases emerge. Pakistan and Egypt share a whopping 80% of the regional burden of Hepatitis. There are numerous reasons for the high prevalence of Hepatitis in Pakistan. However, food contamination, lack of hygiene, and an inability to adhere to infectious disease protocols in healthcare settings are among the most common causes.
Most individuals that catch the disease are unaware that they have been infected since symptoms do not occur immediately. However, as the disease progresses and the viral load increases, symptoms start to appear and the disease progresses rapidly. If the disease is not treated appropriately, it can turn fatal as well. The best way to keep oneself protected from Hepatitis is to know its routes of transmission and avoid practices that could put one at risk of catching the disease.
The 5 Types of Viral Hepatitis are caused by different organisms and have different modes of transmission.
Hepatitis A virus is most often contracted by ingesting water or food contaminated by fecal matter from an infected person.
Hepatitis B virus is most commonly transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids, or the use of infected needles and other such materials.
Hepatitis C virus is also transmitted mostly through direct percutaneous contact with infectious materials. Such as an infected needle or razor that causes a cut.
Hepatitis D virus is an incomplete virus and is only found in conjunction with Hepatitis B. The virus can cause serious complications and is often transmitted through contact with infectious blood.
Hepatitis E virus is a water-borne viral disease that is usually found in areas with poor sanitation. It is usually caused by ingesting water contaminated with infected faecal waste.
The symptoms of Hepatitis are as follows:-
Make sure you wash your hands with soap and water before eating food. You must also ensure that your utensils are clean and have been washed properly.
Hepatitis A and E are most commonly spread through the oro-faecal route. This is why it is important to ensure that the food you are consuming is prepared in a clean place and is not contaminated.
One of the most common ways Hepatitis can bespread is through negligence. If infectious waste, sharp items and other medical waste is not handled and disposed of correctly in a healthcare facility, it can lead to the spread of viral Hepatitis.
Sharp items such as needles and razors that cause breaks in the skin must be disposed of immediately after use. Sharing such items can directly lead to the infection being transmitted from one person to the other.
It is not wise to share toothbrushes as they could potentially carry infected blood particles from bleeding gums etc that can lead to transmission of the disease.
Contaminated water supply can cause hepatitis in a large area. This is why it is important to ensure that your drinking water is clean.
Perhaps the most important way to protect oneself from the disease is by getting a vaccination for it. Children, adolescents and adults are recommended to get themselves vaccinated against hepatitis A and B so that they can remain protected from it. However, there is still no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
Hepatitis is among one of the most prevalent diseases in the country. However, its burden of disease can be significantly lessened by simple precautions and getting routine vaccinations.
For more information or consultation with a qualified healthcare professional, log on to our website www.shifaam.com or download the Shifaam health App from Google Play (bit.ly/2JqZo3C)or the iOS App Store (apple.co/2QUVxQz). You can now connect with your healthcare providers safely from home.
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